Google Driverless Car
Will any body get shocked if i will say we are going to have a car that will not going to need any driver. Yes absolutely i am not joking our dream are going to be true.
I could still remember the day I watch the iRobot, and being skeptical about my brother’s statement that one day, the driverless car will become reality. And it’s now a reality.
Google is now working to provide us an Autonomous car named as Google Driverless Car.
As the name suggest it will not need any driver to drive.
Technology
Google driverless car is powered by artificial intelligence and have about $150,000 in equipment including that utilizes the input from
(01).The video cameras inside the car,
(02). A sensor on the vehicle’s top, and
(03). $70,000 laser radar (LIDAR system) and position sensors attached to different positions of the car.
(04). The range finder mounted on the top is a Velodyne 64-beam laser
Laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed 3D map of its environment. The car then takes these generated maps and combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different types of data models that allow it to drive itself.
Sergey Brin, Google co-founder, set a 2017 deadline for bringing its driverless cars to market.
So far the system has successfully driven 1609 kilometres without human commands!
Videos Related to Google Driver less car
(Images courtesy of Wikipedia.)
How Does A Capacitor Work?
Do you often wonder “how does a capacitor work”? In this article we will find answer to this interesting question.
One may already found the answer in many books. It states something like “a capacitor works by storing energy electro-statically in an electric field”. I don’t know about you, but that sentence didn't make me any wiser when I was starting out with electronics.
I like to answer the question of “how does a capacitor work?” by saying that a capacitor works like a tiny rechargeable battery with very very very low capacity.
The time it takes to discharge a capacitor is usually only a split second. And so is the time to recharge it.
What Is A Capacitor?
Just like the Resistor, the Capacitor, sometimes referred to as a Condenser, is a simple passive device that is used to “store electricity”. The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.
There are many different kinds of capacitors available from very small capacitor beads used in resonance circuits to large power factor correction capacitors, but they all do the same thing, they store charge.
A capacitor is made up of two metallic plates. With a dielectric material in between the plates.
When you apply a voltage over the two plates, an electric field is created. Positive charge will collect on one plate and negative charge on the other.
And this is what the physicists mean when they say that “a capacitor works by storing energy electrostatically in an electric field”.
Capacitor Construction:
The parallel plate capacitor is the simplest form of capacitor. It can be constructed using two metal or metallised foil plates at a distance parallel to each other, with its capacitance value in Farads, being fixed by the surface area of the conductive plates and the distance of separation between them. Altering any two of these values alters the the value of its capacitance and this forms the basis of operation of the variable capacitors.
Also, because capacitors store the energy of the electrons in the form of an electrical charge on the plates the larger the plates and/or smaller their separation the greater will be the charge that the capacitor holds for any given voltage across its plates. In other words, larger plates, smaller distance, more capacitance.
The Capacitance of a Capacitor
Capacitance is the electrical property of a capacitor and is the measure of a capacitors ability to store an electrical charge onto its two plates with the unit of capacitance being the Farad (abbreviated to F) named after the British physicist Michael Faraday.
Capacitance is defined as being that a capacitor has the capacitance of One Farad when a charge of One Coulomb is stored on the plates by a voltage of One volt. Capacitance, C is always positive and has no negative units. However, the Farad is a very large unit of measurement to use on its own so sub-multiples of the Farad are generally used such as micro-farads, nano-farads and pico-farads.
What Does A Capacitor Do?
As we already discussed capacitor is stored to store charge, For example:
if you have a circuit with a microcontroller running some kind of program. If the voltage for the microcontroller drops for only a split second, the microcontroller restarts. And you don’t want this.
By using a capacitor, the capacitor can supply power for the microcontroller in the split second that the voltage drops so that the microcontroller doesn’t restart. This way it will filter out the “noise” on the power line.
Apart from storing charge a capacitor can also be used for filtering.
Capacitors and resistors is combined to form filters that target specific frequencies. For example in an audio system you can target the high frequencies to remove them.This is called a low-pass filter.
The All new Google glass- Technology that we need.
Wearable smart-devices represent the next stage in mobile computing.
Google Glass is the most hotly-anticipated gadget in that space. It is not an extension of your Android smartphone or tablet, but is a whole new gadget in itself that can perform various day to day tasks, without you ever moving your hands.
The computing headgear unveiled at a Google launch event in 2012 has created lot of excitement. However, though most have read and heard about the Google Glasses, there are only a few who know what it can exactly do. So, here is a look at seven cool features of Google Glass.
Record videos, take pictures
Just say the word and Google Glass will take a picture or record a video – you will never have to touch the hardware. The photos and videos will be stored on the 4GB flash memory of the device, and can also be shared on social networking websites or emailed.
Show messages
Google Glass will show you text messages as well as emails you receive and allow you to reply to them via voice commands.
Find information
If you are in the habit of Googling things a lot, you will find that your task has been made easier by the new Glass. You simply need to ask a question and the device will pull the answer from the internet. For example, you can ask when Taj Mahal was built or to give you a few photographs of the monument and the device will provide appropriate replies on the small screen in front of your eye.
You activate Google Now by saying "Okay Glass" then send a command or question. Tilting your head up does the same thing.
Show maps
The widely used Google Maps are integrated into Glass, so that users will be able to chart the course of their journey or look up locations or establishments via voice commands.
Live video sharing
Google Glass can show the world what you are seeing – live! If you are attending a family function, your child’s school play or a concert, you can share the feed with your friends and family in real-time and make them a part of the experience.
Integrates Google Now
Google Now, the digital voice assistant from the search giant, has been integrated in this device. It will keep track of your daily habits, such as when you leave for office or the route you take. It will give you alternate routes if there is traffic on the way or give you weather updates periodically, among various other functions.
Translate
This is a neat feature that may come in handy when you travel abroad. You simply need to ask Google Glass to translate a phrase or sentence from one language to another and it will speak that out.
Compatibility
Google Glass works not only with Android phones but also with the iPhone, according to this report. Apart from the GPS chip inside, Google Glass is dependent on the Wi-Fi or mobile connectivity to deliver its features. It is only fair game it if is available like any third-party accessory.
When paired up with your smart device, it can show social network notifications and let you communicate via the same channels as you would on the computer. This removes the need of looking at your smartphone constantly, giving you more time to concentrate on the task at hand.
New look
What is high tech without a sleek and cool design? Google Glass weighed an astounding 8 poundswhen it first was announced more than a year ago, but now is seeking to receive nods from the fashion industry.
Already lightweight, and soon to be available in 5 colour options (Shale, Tangerine, Charcoal, Cotton and Sky), Google Glass is set to get a make-over with help from eye-wear companies.
(Images courtesy of Google and The Verge.)
(Source *Times of India)
Hello dear friends we want to learn something new every time and in that process we always do mistakes first. As it is well known we learn from our mistake. And we have something in our electronics magic-box which is going to save us from messy electronics PCB plates and doing soldering all the time.
So, my this article is about our learning board used in electronics project mainly known as "Breadboard". Isn't it funny bread-board but don't worry we don't need to eat it we have to do something interesting with it. Many times i asked why it is known as breadboard, really i don't know the answer but i used to say that since also have the pores as we have in breads :) .
So with learning objective let us start with the "Bread-boards" :)
INTRODUCTION
A breadboard also is known as protoboard . It is a type of solder-less electronic circuit building. You can build a electronic circuit on a breadboard without any soldering ! Best of all it is reusable. It was designed by Ronald J Portugal of EI Instruments Inc. in 1971.
HOW IT WORKS
As i already told you there are a lot of holes in the board to place components and power supply. Actually these holes are arranged in a particular fashion and these are shorted with metal clips present inside the board in this manner.
There are basically to type of strips in a bread board BUS OR HORIZONTAL STRIPS and SOCKET OR VERTICAL STRIPS. Bus strips are generally use to provide power supply and socket strips are used to hold components .
PROJECT_1- TESTING LED ON BREAD BOARD
Here in this project we will glow a LED with a 9V battery using breadboard.
Things we need
1LED
1 resistor 1k
1 9v battery
And our breadboard
We will implement this circuit on bread board
To implement this circuit make bread board connection like this and if connections are fine LED will glow ,If not then check connection once again and check battery also.
PROJECT_2- LED BLINKING PROJECT
This time we will something big , A blinking LED project using NE 555 IC.
Things we need
1 LED
1 CAPACITOR 10uF
RESISTORS 1X 1K, 1X 1OK, 1X 15K
NE555 IC
1 9v battery
And BREADBOARD
Actually we will implement this circuit on breadboard
To do it just make breadboard connections like this
If everything is fine LED will start blinking.
So we have learnt how to use a breadboard for making electronic circuit. We can implement very huge circuits on breadboard too. If you have any doubt, questions , comments leave them in our comment box.
A resistor is one of the most fundamental components in electronics. Its purpose is to impede a flow of current and impose a voltage reduction. It consists of two wires or conductors attached at opposite ends or sides of a relatively poor electrical conductor, the resistance of which is measured in ohms, universally represented by the Greek omega symbol, Ω.
To understand what a resistance do in electrical circuit, let us have a look at given figure
As from the figure it is easily understood that as soon as kid put his feet on the pipe, it results into reduced flow of water. The same work is done in electrical circuit with the help of resistance.
Resistance in a electrical circuit reduces magnitude of current flow. And cause a voltage drop across, so we can use resistance in our circuit when ever it is needed to reduce current through a specific circuit or we want to divide current in the circuit.
Schematic symbols that represent a resistor are shown in Figure.
Uses of resistors in electronics :
A resistor is commonly used for purposes such as limiting the charging rate of a capacitor; providing appropriate control voltage to semiconductors such as bipolar transistors; protecting LEDs or other semiconductors from excessive current; adjusting or limiting the frequency response in an audio circuit (in conjunction with other components); pulling up or pulling down the voltage at the input pin of a digital logic chip; or controlling a voltage at a point in a circuit.
Colour coding:
To express the value of the component, each of the first two bands representing a digit from 0 through 9, while the third band indicates the decimal multiplier (the number of zeroes, from 0 to 9, which should be appended to the digits). A fourth band of silver or gold indicates 10% or 5% tolerance respectively. No fourth band would indicate 20% tolerance, although this has become very rare.
Two sample resistors are shown in figure above. The upper one has a value of 1K, indicated by the brown and black bands on the left (representing numeral 1 followed by a numeral 0) and the third red band (indicating two additional zeroes). The gold band at right indicates a precision of 5%. The lower one has a value of 1.05K, indicated by the brown, black, and green bands on the left (representing numeral 1 followed by numeral 0 followed by a numeral 5) and the fourth band brown (indicating one additional zero). The brown band at right indicates a precision of 1%.
Hello Friends, In this post we will be discussing about one of the important component used in electronics circuits. "Batteries - The Ultimate Power supply".
The main aim of this post is to let you understand the working principle behind the batteries and where/why we are going to use it in our future electronics experiments.
I will try to discuss all topics in simple way so that a new beginner can also get the point.
So, Lets start with the Batteries.
A battery contains chemicals that liberate electrons (particles of electricity), which want to flow from one terminal to the other as a result of a chemical reaction inside it.
Think of the cells inside a battery as being like two water tanks—one of them full, the other empty. If they are connected with a pipe, water flows between them until their levels are equal. Similarly, when you open up an electrical pathway between the two sides of a battery, electrons flow between them.
Or one can also understand the working of batteries as a tap work when we connect a water pipe to it and open its knob to get water supply from pipe. As we open its knob water flow begins- this can be thought as when we supply power with battery current flow starts in the circuit. Now if we open knob to a greater extent we see a increment in water flow- this can be thought as when we increase the value of power supply (i.e. from 6V to 9V) keeping all the circuit same our current will increase.
Now, If you’re wondering exactly how much current flows then wait we will discuss this topic in details in our later discussion.
Batteries range in size from button cells to large lead-acid units that store power generated by solar panels or windmills.
Inventor of the battery
Alessandro Volta was born in Italy in 1745, long before science was broken up into specialities. After studying chemistry (he discovered methane in 1776), he became a professor of physics and became interested in the so called galvanic response, whereby a frog’s leg will twitch in response to a jolt of static electricity.
Using a wine glass full of salt water, Volta demonstrated that the chemical reaction between two electrodes, one made of copper, the other of zinc, will generate a steady electric current. In 1800, he refined his apparatus by stacking plates of copper and zinc, separated by cardboard soaked in salt and water. This “voltaic pile” was the first electric battery.
Testing Battery Voltage
If you have a multimeter with you then it is quite easy to find out whether it is charged or not and to measure the voltage of Battery.
Procedure :
1. Connect the black-coloured test lead to the multimeter terminal (hole) marked COM .
2. Connect the red-coloured test lead to the multimeter terminal marked V.
3. We are testing for voltage; so turn the multimeter dial to the V or DCV setting.
4. Touch the metal tip of the black test lead to the battery’s negative terminal (the larger snap, which is usually marked “-”).
5. Touch the metal tip of the red test lead to the battery’s positive terminal (the smaller snap, which is usually marked “+”).
In the case you don't want to measure voltage between terminals of battery and only wants to check whether battery is charged or not you can check it simply as follows:
Moisten your tongue and touch the tip of it to the metal terminals of a 9-volt battery. The sudden sharp tingle that you feel is caused by electricity flowing from one terminal of the battery, through the moisture on and in your tongue, to the other terminal. Because the skin of your tongue is very thin (it’s actually a mucus membrane) and the nerves are close to the surface, you can feel the electricity very easily.
NOTE: No More Than 9 Volts
A 9-volt battery won’t hurt you. But do not try this experiment with a higher-voltage battery or a larger battery that can deliver more current. Also, if you have metal braces on your teeth, be very careful not to touch them with the battery.
Symbol Of battery used in circuit diagrams:
General Batteries that we will use in our experiments are:
For more stay connected and post in
comments as your reply, query and suggestions.
See you soon!!
